By Mark DaCosta- The Donald Trump administration has announced visa restrictions on foreign government officials who support Cuba’s overseas medical missions, a move that could have serious consequences for Guyana and other Caribbean nations. The new policy, announced on 25 February 2025 by U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, extends visa bans to foreign government officials believed to be involved in Cuba’s labour export programme, particularly its medical missions. Immediate family members of these officials will also be affected.
Guyana, which has long relied on Cuban medical professionals to strengthen its healthcare system, now faces a dilemma: continue benefiting from Cuba’s healthcare assistance and risk U.S. sanctions or comply with Washington’s directive at the cost of severe shortages in medical personnel.
Cuba has been dispatching doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers to Guyana for decades, helping to bridge critical gaps in the public health sector, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Additionally, hundreds of Guyanese medical students have received training in Cuba under scholarship programmes, returning to serve in Guyana’s hospitals and clinics.
In 2023, Guyana and Cuba signed a renewed Medical Cooperation Agreement, reaffirming the importance of Cuban medical professionals in the country’s healthcare infrastructure. Furthermore, the Guyanese government allocated approximately GY$60 million to house Cuban doctors and technicians.
The U.S. sanctions, however, place this partnership in jeopardy. The policy is based on allegations that Cuba profits from forced labour through its medical missions, depriving Cuban citizens of healthcare services while exploiting medical workers abroad. According to Rubio, “Cuba continues to profit from the forced labour of its workers, and the regime’s abusive and coercive labor practices are well documented.”
Cuba has strongly rejected these claims. Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez called the sanctions “lies” that “affect health services for millions of people in Cuba and around the world.”
According to an analyst, the restriction poses a direct threat to Guyana’s ability to provide adequate healthcare services. With Cuban doctors playing a crucial role in hospitals and clinics nationwide, any disruption to their presence could lead to:
Medical staff shortages: Guyana already struggles with a shortage of healthcare workers. A reduction in Cuban medical personnel could result in fewer doctors and nurses, especially in remote areas.
Longer wait times: Overburdened hospitals may see increased patient wait times, potentially leading to worsened health outcomes.
Reduced specialised deva: Cuban doctors often provide expertise in areas where Guyana lacks specialists, such as paediatrics, surgery, and internal medicine. Their absence could mean fewer treatment options for patients.
Vice President Bharrat Jagdeo acknowledged these concerns, stating that the Cuban Medical Brigade has provided vital assistance to Guyana and other Caribbean nations. “Now you know that this – the Cuban presence, a medical presence in the Caribbean – has been there for a very, very long time and has transcended several U.S. administrations. The Cuban medical presence in the region has had some positive impact on healthcare delivery across the region,” Jagdeo noted.
Jagdeo also pointed out that the issue extends beyond Guyana, affecting multiple countries that rely on Cuba for medical aid. “This is not a Guyana input, it is a regional issue… it transcends administrations, political administrations and a long period of history. Every single country, not just in CARICOM, but many other countries around the world, will be affected,” he said.
In response to the U.S. decision, Guyana has apparently aligned itself with the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to collectively engage with the Trump administration. CARICOM leaders reportedly intend to request a direct meeting with President Trump or Secretary of State Rubio to discuss the implications of the sanctions and to advocate for a policy revision. According to the analyst, Guyana’s government should have seen this coming – considering Trump’s stated ideological position. The analyst said that Guyana should have long been forging new relationships given the new political reality in the United States.
Jagdeo highlighted the importance of direct dialogue with the U.S. government. “There was an agreement to engage the Trump administration on a number of issues because we felt that President Trump should see the region not through the eyes of a third party but directly get views from the leaders of the region,” he explained.
CARICOM’s agenda for discussions with the U.S. will not only include the Cuban Medical Brigade issue but also broader concerns such as trade relations, deportation policies, and regional economic stability.
Guyana now finds itself in a difficult position, needing to balance its longstanding partnership with Cuba against its diplomatic and economic ties with the United States. While the U.S. insists that its policy is aimed at preventing forced labour, many Caribbean nations view the sanctions as an unjustified interference, by the Trump administration, in their domestic affairs.
If Guyana chooses to comply with the U.S. directive, it risks undermining its healthcare system and reducing access to essential medical services. On the other hand, defying Washington could lead to visa restrictions for Guyanese officials and their families, affecting government relations and travel opportunities.
Ultimately, the outcome of CARICOM’s engagement with the Trump administration will determine how Guyana and the wider Caribbean navigate this complex issue. Until then, the nation remains in a precarious situation, trying to protect both its healthcare system and its international relationships.